Study of eye drops dispensing and dose variability by using plastic dropper tips.

  1. The application of eye drops from flexible dropper bottles fitted with different types of dropper tips is associated with the high variability of eye drop weights. The aim of this report was to investigate the simultaneous effect of three factors influencing the mean weight of drops dispensing from two plastic dropper tips.
  2. Using a designed experiment (Box-Behnken), the effect of the concentration of benzalkonium chloride solutions (BAC) in the range of 0-0.02%, the dispensing angle from 90 degrees to 30 degrees from horizontal, and the residual volume of liquid in the dropper bottle from 4 to 10 mL on the mean drop weights were examined.
  3. The significant effect of the increase in BAC concentration resulted in a linear decrease in drop weights for both of the dropper tips investigated. The significant effect of the dispensing angle was influenced by the dropper tip design. For the dropper tip A, the effect of the dropper tip tilt was described by the quadratic equation with a minimum, which corresponded to the dispensing angle equal to that of 48 degrees from horizontal.
  4. Below this angle, the increase in drop weights occurred due to the drop formation from the wetted external surface of the tip orifice. The linear decrease in drop weights in response to the decrease in dispensing angle was detected for the dropper tip B. The regression equations and the contour line plots obtained allowed the drop weights to be estimated for the actual combinations of both the BAC concentration and the dispensing angle.
  5. The effect of the residual volume was found to be non-significant. Based on the formula of Tate’s law, the direct proportion between surface tension of a solution and the radius of the effective perimeter of a dropper tip can be used to estimate the theoretical maximal weight of drops at the dispensing angle of 90 degrees .
  6. Using the stalagmometric values of surface tension of the BAC solutions, the maximal drop weights were estimated for both of the dropper tips investigated. A comparison between the theoretical and the experimentally measured drop weights enabled the dropper tips behavior to be discussed by using Harkins and Brown correction factor F.
  7. The F-value of 0.74 noted for the dropper tip A differed from that of stalagmometer F-value (0.61) indicating a deviation from the simple drop formation process in answer to more complicated design of the dropper tip A. On the other hand, the F-value of 0.6 observed for the dropper tip B demonstrated the better consistency with stalagmometry.
  8. As a result, the dropper tip B with the linear decrease of drop weights in response to the increased concentration of BAC and the decreased dispensing angle without the adverse external drop Plastic bottles  formation could be recommended in real drop dispensing.

Tableting and stability evaluation of enteric-coated omeprazole pellets.

  • In this study, fluidized-bed manufactured enteric-coated omeprazole pellets were compressed into tablets. The stability of the pellets and those of compressed tablets were evaluated for remaining omeprazole and for degradation products under an accelerated stability protocol. The data were analyzed using the artificial neural network (ANN) and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  • It was found that enteric-coated omeprazole pellets could be compressed into quickly disintegrating tablets using microcrystalline cellulose granules as the pressure absorbing matrix.
  • The ANN, using the multilayer perceptron model, predicted that there was a positive correlation between tablet crushing strength and microcrystalline cellulose concentration.
  • Microcrystalline cellulose matrix showed a strong plastic deformation and all the pellets inside the tablet maintained their integrity with no significant change in their surface properties.
  • Omeprazole degradation in acid medium was mainly dependent on microcrystalline cellulose concentration. A 90-day accelerated stability test in brown glass bottles with a desiccant showed that all prototype formulations would result in an acceptable stability profile for both remaining omeprazole, and also for the increase of impurity concentrations.
Brown Bottle 1000ml
Brown Bottle 1000ml

Studies on the light transmittance of coloured plastic bottles for liquid pharmaceutical preparations. Part 43: Contributions to problems concerning the use of plastic containers for liquid pharmaceutical preparations (author’s transl)

  1. To assess the light transmittance of coloured plastic bottles, studies were made using the photographic paper method and a spectrophotometric technique. According to its sensitivity between 400 and 500 nm, the photographic paper gives information as to this wavelength range, directional radiation and scattered light being covered.
  2. In contrast to this, the spectrophotometric method yields discriminating information on the wavelength range between 200 and 800 nm. Apart from a minimum transmittance up to 500 nm, the coloured plastic bottles should have a high transmittance greater than 700 to ensure high transparency.
  3. Of the dyes tested, Pigment Orange and Chromeophthal Brown give the plastic bottles light-protecting properties 4 years’ storage, both of these dyes show changes in the light-protecting properties by which the light transmittance of plastic bottles coloured with them is increased. When these dyes are used in adequate concentrations, this increase in light transmittance will remain within allowable limits, provided direct solar radiation be avoided.

Stability of Hydromorphone-Ketamine Solutions in Glass BottlesPlastic Syringes, and IV Bags for Pediatric Use.

  • To evaluate the stability of mixtures of hydromorphone and ketamine in 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline [NS]) after storage for up to 7 days at room temperature (25°C).
  • The stability of 3 standard mixtures of hydromorphone and ketamine (hydromorphone 0.2 mg/mL + ketamine 0.2 mg/mL, hydromorphone 0.2 mg/mL + ketamine 0.6 mg/mL, and hydromorphone 0.2 mg/mL + ketamine 1.0 mg/mL) in NS was studied. Portions of each mixture were transferred to 3 brown glass bottles (100 mL), 3 plastic syringes (50 mL), and 3 IV bags (50 mL), which were then stored at room temperature (25°C). Physical characteristics, including pH, colour, and precipitation, were evaluated daily. Three 1.5-mL samples were collected from each bottle, syringe, and IV bag at baseline, at 24, 48, and 72 hours, and on day 7.
  • Samples were analyzed in triplicate by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method. Solutions were considered stable if they maintained 90% of the initial concentration of each drug. Samples from syringes and IV bags were subjected to standard sterility testing by incubation for 5 days in an enriched culture media.
  • No notable changes in pH or colour were observed, and no precipitation occurred in any of the solutions. All formulations maintained more than 90% of the initial concentration of each drug on day 7. No bacterial growth was observed in any of the samples tested.

Disposable Meat Sample Plastic tubes with caps (5 ml) (1000/pk)

MST5-1000 Alpha Diagnostics 1 pk

LCP EZ-Cut films (50 pieces, with liners)

MLCP-EZCTF-50 MiTeGen 50 FILMS

SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS. BROWN

SCO-BR CORNING 500/pk

Kinesis DigiTuBEs 50 mL with RackLock (incl. blue caps)

CHR1190 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK750

Disposable Meat Sample Plastic tubes with caps (5 ml) (250/pk)

MST5-250 Alpha Diagnostics 1 pk

Duran Bottles 100Ml Plastic coat

F94003 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK10

Plastic bottles 250ml supply/waste

WAT4842 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK2

Corning 150mL Square Polycarbonate Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

431430 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Corning 250mL Square Polycarbonate Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

431431 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Corning 500mL Square Polycarbonate Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

431432 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Corning 1L Square Polycarbonate Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

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Nalgene Jar 1000 mL transparent PC

2116-1000 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK16

LV CryoOil 50 ml

LVCO-50 MiTeGen 50 ml

Polyethyleneglycol 1000, 50 % w/v, 100 ML

M-CSS-242 MiTeGen 100 ml

Costar 125mL Traditional Style Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

8388 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Costar 1L Traditional Style Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

8396 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK12

Corning 250mL Easy Grip Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

430281 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Corning 500mL Easy Grip Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

430282 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Corning 1L Easy Grip Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

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Corning 150mL Easy Grip Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

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ERLENMEYER FLASK, 50 ML, PP

4985P-50 CORNING 6/pk

ERLENMEYER FLASK, 50 ML, PMP

4990P-50 CORNING 6/pk

Bottles Nalgene 500 Ml

2107-0016 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK16

0.2mL PCR tubes, individual, with flat caps, 1000/pk

P3030 MTC Bio 1000/pack

0.2mL PCR tubes, individual, with domed caps, 1000/pk

P3040 MTC Bio 1000/pack

1000 ug/mL Dodine in Acetonitirile:Methanol (50:50)Volume: 1mL Ampule

S-1807-ACN Scientific Laboratory Supplies 1ML

Caps Nalge

712150-1000 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK12

White Mob Caps in Plastic Bags

SAF9580 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK100

Syringe Injekt 2 pieces volume 2 mL

DD921001 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK100

Tubes (empty) pack of 1000 with caps and sealing ring

D1031-T20 Benchmark Scientific 1 PC

50 ml Stripette individually paper/plastic wrapped serological pipettes sterile

GR238023 Genorise Scientific Case of 100

Spray bottle with air spray - 50 mL

DD670885 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

TruStrip Sample Transfer Strips, 50-ul, 50/Pk (with sample tracking dye)

STSD-50-50 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Pk

Bottles Cent Pc 500 Ml

3140-0500 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK4

Media bottles 500 ml petg

Z377058-1CS Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK70

Plastic Columns

C-50 ABTBeads 50/pk

0.2 ml Individual PCR Tubes with attached Flat Caps

GP101 GenDepot 1,000 tubes

0.2 ml Individual PCR Tubes with attached Domed Caps

GP102 GenDepot 1,000 tubes

0.5 ml Individual PCR Tubes with attached Flat Caps

GP103 GenDepot 1,000 tubes

0.5 ml Individual PCR Tubes with attached Domed Caps

GP104 GenDepot 1,000 tubes

BROWN LOOPED SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS. FITS 0.5ML, 1.5ML AND 2.0ML TUBES

SCO-LP-BR CORNING 500/pk

Tubes (empty) pack of 50 with caps and sealing ring

D1031-T21 Benchmark Scientific 1 PC

Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit

DLR-CAPS-Hu-48T DL Develop 48T

Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit

DLR-CAPS-Hu-96T DL Develop 96T

Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit

RD-CAPS-Hu-48Tests Reddot Biotech 48 Tests

Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit

RD-CAPS-Hu-96Tests Reddot Biotech 96 Tests

Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit

RDR-CAPS-Hu-48Tests Reddot Biotech 48 Tests

Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit

RDR-CAPS-Hu-96Tests Reddot Biotech 96 Tests

Flex 1000 50-1000ul Blue 1000 NS

PIP3630 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK1000

50 Bulk Beads, Stainless Steel, 5mm, alcohol washed, 1000/pk

D1134-50 Benchmark Scientific 1 each

Platform With 30 X 50 Ml Flask Clamps

480166 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

Tubes (empty) with caps

SLS1426 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK1000

Tubes (empty) with caps

SLS1428 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK50

Bottles Cf 250 Ml Pc +Cap

3140-0250 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK4

Bottles Amber Hdpe 125 Ml Nn

2004-0004 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK12

Adapter 250 mL bottles high-cap

E5920717006 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

0.2 ml 8-Strip PCR Tube with Individually Attached Caps

GP900 GenDepot 120 strips

Plastic XL Columns

CXL-50 ABTBeads 50/pk

Plastic XXL Columns

CXXL-50 ABTBeads 50/pk

Plastic Columns Frits

FC-50 ABTBeads 50/pk

Flystuff (59-194P) Droso-Plugs Cap for Plastic Bottles

FLY1094 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK2560

PBS Tablets (1000 ml)

2129-10 Biovision each

PBS Tablets (1000 ml)

2129-100 Biovision each

Antigen Retrieval Solution, Citrate pH 6.0 (50 ml, 100X)

ARS6-50 Alpha Diagnostics 5 L

Antigen Retrieval Solution, EDTA pH 8.0 (50 ml, 100X)

ARS8-50 Alpha Diagnostics 5 L

Bottles 2L Nalgene with Quick Connect

BTLN52 Next Advance 2pack

Pump Sampler Set with Glass Bottles

SAM1517 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

ELISA PLATE READER : MICRO READ 1000

1000 Global Diagnostics B 1 unit

Heat Extractor with Plastic Knob

IMS006 ScyTek Laboratories 1 ea.

Tube Culture With Svl Plastic

B99485 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK40

Staining Dish with Cover Plastic

X24085 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

Autoseq G-50 1000 Columns

27534003 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

Costar 1mL Stripette Serological Pipets Individually Paper/Plastic Wrapped Sterile 50/Bag 1000/Case

4485 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK1000

1000 mL white conical polypropylene container sterile with assembled lid

DD30364 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK80

AXYPREP MAG DYECLEAN KIT- 50 ML - 5000 PREPS

MAG-DYECL-50 CORNING 1/pk

RESERVOIR, POLYPROPYLENE, 50 ML, V-BOTTOM, NONSTERILE, BULK

RES-V-50 CORNING 100/pk

Plastic XL Columns Frits

FCXL-50 ABTBeads 50/pk

Plastic XXL Columns Frits

FCXXL-50 ABTBeads 50/pk

Bottles N/M Amber 30 Ml Nalgene

2004-0001 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK72

Bottles Wash W/M Ldpe 500 Ml

2402-0500 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK4

SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS

SCO-R CORNING 500/pk

SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS

SCO-W CORNING 500/pk

SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS

SCO-Y CORNING 500/pk

Antigen Retrieval Solution, Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 (50 ml, 100X)

ARS9-50 Alpha Diagnostics 5 L

AlbuVoid Buffer Kit - 1000

AVBK-1000 Biotech Support Group 1000 mL

HemoVoid Buffer Kit - 1000

HVBK-1000 Biotech Support Group 1000 mL

UPCK Buffer Kit - 1000

UPBK-1000 Biotech Support Group 1000 mL

Costar 1mL Stripette Serological Pipets Paper/Plastic Triple Bagged Style Sterile 50/Bag 1000/Case

7041 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK1000

Costar 2mL Stripette Serological Paper/Plastic Wrapped Triple Bagged Style Sterile 50/Bag 1000/Case

7042 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK1000

Disposable Plastic Pestles, Conical, 210mm, 50/Bag

MGR113 Bio Basic 1PK, 50UNIT

Disposable Plastic Pestles, Round, 205mm, 50/Bag

MGR114 Bio Basic 1PK, 50UNIT

Disposable Plastic Pestles, Conical, 70mm, 50/Bag

MGR115 Bio Basic 1PK, 50UNIT

50 ml Reagent Reservoir

GR238016 Genorise Scientific Pack of 200

TALON Superflow 50 ml

28957502 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

SOURCE 30S 50 mL

17127301 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

SOURCE 30Q 50 mL

17127501 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

SOURCE 15S 50 mL

17094401 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

SOURCE 15Q 50 mL

17094701 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

Reagent reservoir 50 mL

DD53482 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK100

TALON SUPERFLOW 50 ML

GE28-9575-02 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH
Mixtures of hydromorphone and ketamine were stable for up 7 days at 25°C, and the sterility of the preparations was maintained. Because stability alone does not guarantee efficacy, it is recommended that clinical studies be conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these formulations.

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