- The application of eye drops from flexible dropper bottles fitted with different types of dropper tips is associated with the high variability of eye drop weights. The aim of this report was to investigate the simultaneous effect of three factors influencing the mean weight of drops dispensing from two plastic dropper tips.
- Using a designed experiment (Box-Behnken), the effect of the concentration of benzalkonium chloride solutions (BAC) in the range of 0-0.02%, the dispensing angle from 90 degrees to 30 degrees from horizontal, and the residual volume of liquid in the dropper bottle from 4 to 10 mL on the mean drop weights were examined.
- The significant effect of the increase in BAC concentration resulted in a linear decrease in drop weights for both of the dropper tips investigated. The significant effect of the dispensing angle was influenced by the dropper tip design. For the dropper tip A, the effect of the dropper tip tilt was described by the quadratic equation with a minimum, which corresponded to the dispensing angle equal to that of 48 degrees from horizontal.
- Below this angle, the increase in drop weights occurred due to the drop formation from the wetted external surface of the tip orifice. The linear decrease in drop weights in response to the decrease in dispensing angle was detected for the dropper tip B. The regression equations and the contour line plots obtained allowed the drop weights to be estimated for the actual combinations of both the BAC concentration and the dispensing angle.
- The effect of the residual volume was found to be non-significant. Based on the formula of Tate’s law, the direct proportion between surface tension of a solution and the radius of the effective perimeter of a dropper tip can be used to estimate the theoretical maximal weight of drops at the dispensing angle of 90 degrees .
- Using the stalagmometric values of surface tension of the BAC solutions, the maximal drop weights were estimated for both of the dropper tips investigated. A comparison between the theoretical and the experimentally measured drop weights enabled the dropper tips behavior to be discussed by using Harkins and Brown correction factor F.
- The F-value of 0.74 noted for the dropper tip A differed from that of stalagmometer F-value (0.61) indicating a deviation from the simple drop formation process in answer to more complicated design of the dropper tip A. On the other hand, the F-value of 0.6 observed for the dropper tip B demonstrated the better consistency with stalagmometry.
- As a result, the dropper tip B with the linear decrease of drop weights in response to the increased concentration of BAC and the decreased dispensing angle without the adverse external drop Plastic bottles formation could be recommended in real drop dispensing.
Tableting and stability evaluation of enteric-coated omeprazole pellets.
- In this study, fluidized-bed manufactured enteric-coated omeprazole pellets were compressed into tablets. The stability of the pellets and those of compressed tablets were evaluated for remaining omeprazole and for degradation products under an accelerated stability protocol. The data were analyzed using the artificial neural network (ANN) and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
- It was found that enteric-coated omeprazole pellets could be compressed into quickly disintegrating tablets using microcrystalline cellulose granules as the pressure absorbing matrix.
- The ANN, using the multilayer perceptron model, predicted that there was a positive correlation between tablet crushing strength and microcrystalline cellulose concentration.
- Microcrystalline cellulose matrix showed a strong plastic deformation and all the pellets inside the tablet maintained their integrity with no significant change in their surface properties.
- Omeprazole degradation in acid medium was mainly dependent on microcrystalline cellulose concentration. A 90-day accelerated stability test in brown glass bottles with a desiccant showed that all prototype formulations would result in an acceptable stability profile for both remaining omeprazole, and also for the increase of impurity concentrations.
Studies on the light transmittance of coloured plastic bottles for liquid pharmaceutical preparations. Part 43: Contributions to problems concerning the use of plastic containers for liquid pharmaceutical preparations (author’s transl)
- To assess the light transmittance of coloured plastic bottles, studies were made using the photographic paper method and a spectrophotometric technique. According to its sensitivity between 400 and 500 nm, the photographic paper gives information as to this wavelength range, directional radiation and scattered light being covered.
- In contrast to this, the spectrophotometric method yields discriminating information on the wavelength range between 200 and 800 nm. Apart from a minimum transmittance up to 500 nm, the coloured plastic bottles should have a high transmittance greater than 700 to ensure high transparency.
- Of the dyes tested, Pigment Orange and Chromeophthal Brown give the plastic bottles light-protecting properties 4 years’ storage, both of these dyes show changes in the light-protecting properties by which the light transmittance of plastic bottles coloured with them is increased. When these dyes are used in adequate concentrations, this increase in light transmittance will remain within allowable limits, provided direct solar radiation be avoided.
Stability of Hydromorphone-Ketamine Solutions in Glass Bottles, Plastic Syringes, and IV Bags for Pediatric Use.
- To evaluate the stability of mixtures of hydromorphone and ketamine in 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline [NS]) after storage for up to 7 days at room temperature (25°C).
- The stability of 3 standard mixtures of hydromorphone and ketamine (hydromorphone 0.2 mg/mL + ketamine 0.2 mg/mL, hydromorphone 0.2 mg/mL + ketamine 0.6 mg/mL, and hydromorphone 0.2 mg/mL + ketamine 1.0 mg/mL) in NS was studied. Portions of each mixture were transferred to 3 brown glass bottles (100 mL), 3 plastic syringes (50 mL), and 3 IV bags (50 mL), which were then stored at room temperature (25°C). Physical characteristics, including pH, colour, and precipitation, were evaluated daily. Three 1.5-mL samples were collected from each bottle, syringe, and IV bag at baseline, at 24, 48, and 72 hours, and on day 7.
- Samples were analyzed in triplicate by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method. Solutions were considered stable if they maintained 90% of the initial concentration of each drug. Samples from syringes and IV bags were subjected to standard sterility testing by incubation for 5 days in an enriched culture media.
- No notable changes in pH or colour were observed, and no precipitation occurred in any of the solutions. All formulations maintained more than 90% of the initial concentration of each drug on day 7. No bacterial growth was observed in any of the samples tested.
Disposable Meat Sample Plastic tubes with caps (5 ml) (1000/pk) |
||
| MST5-1000 | Alpha Diagnostics | 1 pk |
LCP EZ-Cut films (50 pieces, with liners) |
||
| MLCP-EZCTF-50 | MiTeGen | 50 FILMS |
SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS. BROWN |
||
| SCO-BR | CORNING | 500/pk |
Kinesis DigiTuBEs 50 mL with RackLock (incl. blue caps) |
||
| CHR1190 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK750 |
Disposable Meat Sample Plastic tubes with caps (5 ml) (250/pk) |
||
| MST5-250 | Alpha Diagnostics | 1 pk |
Duran Bottles 100Ml Plastic coat |
||
| F94003 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK10 |
Plastic bottles 250ml supply/waste |
||
| WAT4842 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK2 |
Corning 150mL Square Polycarbonate Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps |
||
| 431430 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK24 |
Corning 250mL Square Polycarbonate Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps |
||
| 431431 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK24 |
Corning 500mL Square Polycarbonate Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps |
||
| 431432 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK24 |
Corning 1L Square Polycarbonate Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps |
||
| 431433 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK24 |
Nalgene Jar 1000 mL transparent PC |
||
| 2116-1000 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK16 |
LV CryoOil 50 ml |
||
| LVCO-50 | MiTeGen | 50 ml |
Polyethyleneglycol 1000, 50 % w/v, 100 ML |
||
| M-CSS-242 | MiTeGen | 100 ml |
Costar 125mL Traditional Style Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps |
||
| 8388 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK24 |
Costar 1L Traditional Style Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps |
||
| 8396 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK12 |
Corning 250mL Easy Grip Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps |
||
| 430281 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK24 |
Corning 500mL Easy Grip Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps |
||
| 430282 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK24 |
Corning 1L Easy Grip Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps |
||
| 430518 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK24 |
Corning 150mL Easy Grip Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps |
||
| 431175 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK24 |
ERLENMEYER FLASK, 50 ML, PP |
||
| 4985P-50 | CORNING | 6/pk |
ERLENMEYER FLASK, 50 ML, PMP |
||
| 4990P-50 | CORNING | 6/pk |
Bottles Nalgene 500 Ml |
||
| 2107-0016 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK16 |
0.2mL PCR tubes, individual, with flat caps, 1000/pk |
||
| P3030 | MTC Bio | 1000/pack |
0.2mL PCR tubes, individual, with domed caps, 1000/pk |
||
| P3040 | MTC Bio | 1000/pack |
1000 ug/mL Dodine in Acetonitirile:Methanol (50:50)Volume: 1mL Ampule |
||
| S-1807-ACN | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML |
Caps Nalge |
||
| 712150-1000 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK12 |
White Mob Caps in Plastic Bags |
||
| SAF9580 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK100 |
Syringe Injekt 2 pieces volume 2 mL |
||
| DD921001 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK100 |
Tubes (empty) pack of 1000 with caps and sealing ring |
||
| D1031-T20 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC |
50 ml Stripette individually paper/plastic wrapped serological pipettes sterile |
||
| GR238023 | Genorise Scientific | Case of 100 |
Spray bottle with air spray - 50 mL |
||
| DD670885 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH |
TruStrip Sample Transfer Strips, 50-ul, 50/Pk (with sample tracking dye) |
||
| STSD-50-50 | Alpha Diagnostics | 1 Pk |
Bottles Cent Pc 500 Ml |
||
| 3140-0500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK4 |
Media bottles 500 ml petg |
||
| Z377058-1CS | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK70 |
Plastic Columns |
||
| C-50 | ABTBeads | 50/pk |
0.2 ml Individual PCR Tubes with attached Flat Caps |
||
| GP101 | GenDepot | 1,000 tubes |
0.2 ml Individual PCR Tubes with attached Domed Caps |
||
| GP102 | GenDepot | 1,000 tubes |
0.5 ml Individual PCR Tubes with attached Flat Caps |
||
| GP103 | GenDepot | 1,000 tubes |
0.5 ml Individual PCR Tubes with attached Domed Caps |
||
| GP104 | GenDepot | 1,000 tubes |
BROWN LOOPED SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS. FITS 0.5ML, 1.5ML AND 2.0ML TUBES |
||
| SCO-LP-BR | CORNING | 500/pk |
Tubes (empty) pack of 50 with caps and sealing ring |
||
| D1031-T21 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 PC |
Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit |
||
| DLR-CAPS-Hu-48T | DL Develop | 48T |
Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit |
||
| DLR-CAPS-Hu-96T | DL Develop | 96T |
Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit |
||
| RD-CAPS-Hu-48Tests | Reddot Biotech | 48 Tests |
Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit |
||
| RD-CAPS-Hu-96Tests | Reddot Biotech | 96 Tests |
Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit |
||
| RDR-CAPS-Hu-48Tests | Reddot Biotech | 48 Tests |
Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit |
||
| RDR-CAPS-Hu-96Tests | Reddot Biotech | 96 Tests |
Flex 1000 50-1000ul Blue 1000 NS |
||
| PIP3630 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK1000 |
50 Bulk Beads, Stainless Steel, 5mm, alcohol washed, 1000/pk |
||
| D1134-50 | Benchmark Scientific | 1 each |
Platform With 30 X 50 Ml Flask Clamps |
||
| 480166 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH |
Tubes (empty) with caps |
||
| SLS1426 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK1000 |
Tubes (empty) with caps |
||
| SLS1428 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK50 |
Bottles Cf 250 Ml Pc +Cap |
||
| 3140-0250 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK4 |
Bottles Amber Hdpe 125 Ml Nn |
||
| 2004-0004 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK12 |
Adapter 250 mL bottles high-cap |
||
| E5920717006 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH |
0.2 ml 8-Strip PCR Tube with Individually Attached Caps |
||
| GP900 | GenDepot | 120 strips |
Plastic XL Columns |
||
| CXL-50 | ABTBeads | 50/pk |
Plastic XXL Columns |
||
| CXXL-50 | ABTBeads | 50/pk |
Plastic Columns Frits |
||
| FC-50 | ABTBeads | 50/pk |
Flystuff (59-194P) Droso-Plugs Cap for Plastic Bottles |
||
| FLY1094 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK2560 |
PBS Tablets (1000 ml) |
||
| 2129-10 | Biovision | each |
PBS Tablets (1000 ml) |
||
| 2129-100 | Biovision | each |
Antigen Retrieval Solution, Citrate pH 6.0 (50 ml, 100X) |
||
| ARS6-50 | Alpha Diagnostics | 5 L |
Antigen Retrieval Solution, EDTA pH 8.0 (50 ml, 100X) |
||
| ARS8-50 | Alpha Diagnostics | 5 L |
Bottles 2L Nalgene with Quick Connect |
||
| BTLN52 | Next Advance | 2pack |
Pump Sampler Set with Glass Bottles |
||
| SAM1517 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH |
ELISA PLATE READER : MICRO READ 1000 |
||
| 1000 | Global Diagnostics B | 1 unit |
Heat Extractor with Plastic Knob |
||
| IMS006 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1 ea. |
Tube Culture With Svl Plastic |
||
| B99485 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK40 |
Staining Dish with Cover Plastic |
||
| X24085 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH |
Autoseq G-50 1000 Columns |
||
| 27534003 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH |
Costar 1mL Stripette Serological Pipets Individually Paper/Plastic Wrapped Sterile 50/Bag 1000/Case |
||
| 4485 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK1000 |
1000 mL white conical polypropylene container sterile with assembled lid |
||
| DD30364 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK80 |
AXYPREP MAG DYECLEAN KIT- 50 ML - 5000 PREPS |
||
| MAG-DYECL-50 | CORNING | 1/pk |
RESERVOIR, POLYPROPYLENE, 50 ML, V-BOTTOM, NONSTERILE, BULK |
||
| RES-V-50 | CORNING | 100/pk |
Plastic XL Columns Frits |
||
| FCXL-50 | ABTBeads | 50/pk |
Plastic XXL Columns Frits |
||
| FCXXL-50 | ABTBeads | 50/pk |
Bottles N/M Amber 30 Ml Nalgene |
||
| 2004-0001 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK72 |
Bottles Wash W/M Ldpe 500 Ml |
||
| 2402-0500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK4 |
SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS |
||
| SCO-R | CORNING | 500/pk |
SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS |
||
| SCO-W | CORNING | 500/pk |
SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS |
||
| SCO-Y | CORNING | 500/pk |
Antigen Retrieval Solution, Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 (50 ml, 100X) |
||
| ARS9-50 | Alpha Diagnostics | 5 L |
AlbuVoid Buffer Kit - 1000 |
||
| AVBK-1000 | Biotech Support Group | 1000 mL |
HemoVoid Buffer Kit - 1000 |
||
| HVBK-1000 | Biotech Support Group | 1000 mL |
UPCK Buffer Kit - 1000 |
||
| UPBK-1000 | Biotech Support Group | 1000 mL |
Costar 1mL Stripette Serological Pipets Paper/Plastic Triple Bagged Style Sterile 50/Bag 1000/Case |
||
| 7041 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK1000 |
Costar 2mL Stripette Serological Paper/Plastic Wrapped Triple Bagged Style Sterile 50/Bag 1000/Case |
||
| 7042 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK1000 |
Disposable Plastic Pestles, Conical, 210mm, 50/Bag |
||
| MGR113 | Bio Basic | 1PK, 50UNIT |
Disposable Plastic Pestles, Round, 205mm, 50/Bag |
||
| MGR114 | Bio Basic | 1PK, 50UNIT |
Disposable Plastic Pestles, Conical, 70mm, 50/Bag |
||
| MGR115 | Bio Basic | 1PK, 50UNIT |
50 ml Reagent Reservoir |
||
| GR238016 | Genorise Scientific | Pack of 200 |
TALON Superflow 50 ml |
||
| 28957502 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH |
SOURCE 30S 50 mL |
||
| 17127301 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH |
SOURCE 30Q 50 mL |
||
| 17127501 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH |
SOURCE 15S 50 mL |
||
| 17094401 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH |
SOURCE 15Q 50 mL |
||
| 17094701 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH |
Reagent reservoir 50 mL |
||
| DD53482 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK100 |
TALON SUPERFLOW 50 ML |
||
| GE28-9575-02 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH |
Mixtures of hydromorphone and ketamine were stable for up 7 days at 25°C, and the sterility of the preparations was maintained. Because stability alone does not guarantee efficacy, it is recommended that clinical studies be conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these formulations.